Unit 1- Creating an inclusive school

1. Understanding the disability

Introduction:

Education is the fundamental right of every child. Sufficient opportunities should be

provided to the child in education. Based on this, Educational opportunities for special

children are also stressed in our country.

Definition:

Disability is defined as “any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to

perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being”.

Disability is a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired relative to the usual

standard of an individual or group

CHARACTERISTICS OF DISABILITIES

Due to loss or abnormality of physical organs. (e.g.) mal-formation of limbs, cleft lip,

disfigured fingers.

2. Disorders due to misfunctioning of organs of the body even though they may have normal

anatomical structure.

3. Impairment of organs of the body.

CAUSES OF DISABILITIES

Genetic Disorders

Severe Malnutrition

Diseases(Polio, Paralysis, Brain fever, cerebral palsy etc.)

Adverse effects of drugs consumed during pregnancy

Artificial fertilization

Problems during delivery

Severe accidents

HEARING IMPAIRMENT

INTRODUCTION

Among the five sense organs, Ear is not only responsible for tactile sensation but also paves

way for awareness in the environment. Also it helps to learn a language and the skill of speaking it.

When one loses his hearing capacity he is unable to adjust & face problems in the society.

MENTALLY RETARDED

CAUSES FOR MENTALLY RETARDED

Brain Fever.

Genetically impaired

Defect in nervous system and spinal cord.

Low supply of oxygen to brain during birth.

Deep head wound during birth

SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL RETARDNESS

Delay in all growth and development.

Not able to sit even after 12-15 months.

Not able to walk even after two years.

Not able to speak even after two years.

Not able to eat and dress independently

Dependence in answering nature calls.

Difficulty in playing with their peer.

Become ferocious frequently.

Incapable of carrying out oral orders.

Inability to communicate personal needs.

Difficulty in understanding two or more orders at the same time.

Ignorance of environment takes more time in learning skill activities.

No progress in studies,

Inattentive and excess loss of memory.

Not able to participate in all classroom activities.

Inability to sit in a same place for long time.

CREATING AN INCLUSIVE

SCHOOL 2

ஒருங்கிணைந்த

பள்ளியை உருவாக்குதல்

(Creating an Inclusive School)

Presented by the

T. Malarkodi M.Com, M.Phil, M.Ed,. Vidhya Sagar Women's College of Education

UNIT - II

UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNING DISABILITIES

Introduction

Learning disabilities are neurologically-based processing problems. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and calculating. They can also interfere with higher level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention.

UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNING DISABILITIES

Meaning

Learning disabilities are lifelong. Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or neurobiological factors or injury that alters brain functioning in a manner which affects one or more processes related to learning.

KINDS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

• Dyslexia

• Dysgraphia

• Dyscalculia

• Dyspraxia

DYSLEXIA

A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based processing skills. The severity can differ in each individual but can affect reading fluency, decoding, reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along with other related disorders.

Dyslexia is sometimes referred to as a Language Based Learning Disability.